As the American population ages, concerns grow about the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other problems with cognitive function. Fortunately, research shows that regular exercise and strength training, and especially a combination of both, can help the brain function better as one gets older.

Scientists have known for some time that cardiovascular exercise benefits mind and body and enhances mental acuity. For example, working out triggers the release of a molecule that restores brain cells and creates new ones. A study published in 2021 showed that exercising the muscles also produces a hormone that wards off brain inflammation in mice, suggesting that this may also be true for humans. In general, cardio exercise improves brain function by increasing the blood flow to white matter.

A 2023 study indicates that adding strength training to a cardio workout is better for brain health than exercise alone or a sedentary lifestyle in adults over 80. Participants with already-good cognitive health in the combination group thought faster and were better able to adjust their thinking. Researchers have also noted that cardio exercise aids the ability of the hippocampus to process memory, while strength training boosts the activity of the frontal lobes.